Active Energy Ray-Curable Resin Composition, Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Laminate, Method for Producing Same, Article and Anti-Fogging Method

ABSTRACT

An anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate including: a substrate; a primer layer; and an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer having a flat surface, wherein an average thickness of the primer layer is more than 0.5 μm, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has Martens hardness of 10 N/mm2 or more, a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.40 or less, and an average thickness of 10 μm or more, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is a cured product of an active energy ray curable resin composition including a hydrophilic monomer, a crosslinking agent, and a hydrophobic monomer, a content of the crosslinking agent in the active energy ray curable resin composition is 5% by mass to 40% by mass relative to non-volatile matter thereof, and a content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curable resin composition is 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass relative to the non-volatile matter.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that can be used in a wide variety of ranges such as buildingapplications, industrial applications, automobile applications, opticalapplications, and solar cell panels, a production method thereof, aproduct using the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate, ananti-fogging method using the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate,and an active energy ray curable resin composition applicable toformation of an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer of the anti-foggingand anti-fouling laminate.

BACKGROUND ART

In order to decorate and protect the surfaces of various products, resinfilms and glass and the like are attached to the surfaces.

However, the resin films and glass decorating and protecting thesurfaces of products sometimes get cloudy to deteriorate visibility andgood appearance of the products.

Therefore, in order to prevent such deterioration of visibility and goodappearance of the products, an anti-fogging treatment is applied to theresin films and glass.

For example, an electron beam curable hard coat sheet that has ananti-fogging property and a fouling property and has a specificformulation has been proposed (for example, see PTL 1).

Generally, products such as mirrors, glass windows, and glasses, whichare required to have an anti-fogging property, may be exposed to highertemperature and higher humidity conditions than normal temperature andnormal humidity in some cases. In that case, deterioration of theanti-fogging property or loss of brightness occurs on the anti-foggingand anti-fouling layer, the products are deteriorated in visibility,which is problematic.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

PTL 1 Japanese Patent No. 3760669

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

An object of the present invention is to solve the existing problems inprior art and to achieve the following object. That is, an object of thepresent invention is to provide: an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate, which is excellent in appearance, a fouling property, anddurability, and is not deteriorated in the appearance and is excellentin an anti-fogging property even under higher temperature and higherhumidity conditions; a production method thereof; a product using theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate; an anti-fogging method using theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate; and an active energy ray curableresin composition applicable to formation of an anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate.

Solution to Problem

Means for solving the problems are as follows. That is,

<1> An anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate including:

-   -   a substrate;    -   a primer layer on the substrate; and    -   an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer on the primer layer, the        anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer having a flat surface,    -   wherein an average thickness of the primer layer is more than        0.5 μm,    -   the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has Martens hardness of        10 N/mm² or more, a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.40 or        less, and an average thickness of 10 μm or more,    -   the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is a cured product of an        active energy ray curable resin composition,    -   the active energy ray curable resin composition includes a        hydrophilic monomer having an alkylene oxide equivalent of less        than 100 and an acrylic equivalent of 200 to 500, a        non-alicyclic crosslinking agent having an alkylene oxide        equivalent of 100 or more and an acrylic equivalent of less than        400, and a hydrophobic monomer including at least one selected        from the group consisting of fluorine and silicon,    -   a content of the crosslinking agent in the active energy ray        curable resin composition is 5% by mass to 40% by mass relative        to non-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin        composition, and

a content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass relative to thenon-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.

<2> The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to <1>,

-   -   wherein a surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has        a pure water contact angle of 80° or more and a hexadecane        contact angle of 35° or more.

<3> The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to <1>or <2>,

-   -   wherein when the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is        evaluated for an anti-fogging property through an evaluation        method below, a result of the anti-fogging property is A:

<Evaluation Method of Anti-Fogging Property>

after left to stand for 2 hours under an environment of normaltemperature, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is exposed to ahigh temperature and high humidity environment of 35° C. and 85% RH for15 minutes; and a surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminateis visually observed during exposure to the high temperature and highhumidity environment and is evaluated for the anti-fogging propertybased on evaluation criteria below:

[Evaluation Criteria]

A: until 15 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less;

B: until 10 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less;

C: until 5 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less; and

D: in 5 minutes, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminatethat exhibits fogging is more than 30%.

<4> The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to any one of<1> to <3>,

-   -   wherein a content of the hydrophilic monomer in the active        energy ray curable resin composition is 55% by mass to 90% by        mass relative to the non-volatile matter of the active energy        ray curable resin composition.

<5> The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to any one of<1> to <4>,

-   -   wherein the substrate is a substrate made of glass.

<6> The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to any one of<1> to <5>,

-   -   wherein an average thickness of the anti-fogging and        anti-fouling layer is 10 μm to 100 μm.

<7> The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to any one of<1> to <6>,

-   -   wherein an average thickness of the primer layer is 1 μm to 10        μm.

<8> A product including:

-   -   the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to any one        of <1> to <7> on a surface of the product.

<9> A method for producing an anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate,the method including:

-   -   irradiating an uncured layer formed of the active energy ray        curable resin composition on the primer layer with ultraviolet        rays under an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of less        than 0.1% by volume to form the anti-fogging and anti-fouling        layer,    -   wherein the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is the        anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to any one of        <1> to <7>.

<10> An anti-fogging method including:

-   -   warming the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to        any one of <1> to <7> to a temperature equal to or higher than        normal temperature to improve an anti-fogging property of the        anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer.

<11> An anti-fogging method including:

-   -   cleaning the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer of the        anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to any one of        <1> to <7> to maintain an anti-fogging property of the        anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer.

<12> An active energy ray curable resin composition including:

-   -   a hydrophilic monomer;    -   a hydrophobic monomer;    -   a non-alicyclic crosslinking agent; and    -   a photopolymerization initiator,    -   wherein the hydrophilic monomer has an alkylene oxide equivalent        of less than 100 and an acrylic equivalent of 200 to 500,    -   the hydrophobic monomer includes at least one selected from the        group consisting of fluorine and silicon,    -   the crosslinking agent has an alkylene oxide equivalent of 100        or more and an acrylic equivalent of less than 400,    -   a content of the hydrophobic monomer is 0.001% by mass to 10% by        mass relative to non-volatile matter of the active energy ray        curable resin composition, and    -   a content of the crosslinking agent is 5% by mass to 40% by mass        relative to the non-volatile matter of the active energy ray        curable resin composition.

<13> The active energy ray curable resin composition according to <12>,

-   -   wherein a surface of an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer        having a flat surface, which is obtained by curing the active        energy ray curable resin composition through active energy rays,        has Martens hardness of 10 N/mm² or more and a coefficient of        kinetic friction of 0.40 or less.

<14> The active energy ray curable resin composition according to <13>,

-   -   wherein the surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer        has a pure water contact angle of 80° or more and a hexadecane        contact angle of 35° or more.

<15> The active energy ray curable resin composition according to anyone of <12> to <14>,

-   -   wherein a content of the hydrophilic monomer in the active        energy ray curable resin composition is 55% by mass to 90% by        mass relative to the non-volatile matter of the active energy        ray curable resin composition.

<16> The active energy ray curable resin composition according to anyone of <12> to <15>,

-   -   wherein the active energy ray curable resin composition includes        a solvent having a boiling point of 80° C. or more.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

According to the present invention, it is possible to solve the existingproblems in prior art, to achieve the aforementioned object, and toprovide: an anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate, which is excellentin appearance, a fouling property, and durability, and is notdeteriorated in the appearance and is excellent in an anti-foggingproperty even under higher temperature and higher humidity conditions; aproduction method thereof, a product using the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate; an anti-fogging method using the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate; and an active energy ray curable resincomposition applicable to formation of an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of ananti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate of the present invention;

FIG. 2A is a process drawing for describing an example of manufacturinga product of the present invention by in-mold molding;

FIG. 2B is a process drawing for describing an example of manufacturinga product of the present invention by in-mold molding;

FIG. 2C is a process drawing for describing an example of manufacturinga product of the present invention by in-mold molding;

FIG. 2D is a process drawing for describing an example of manufacturinga product of the present invention by in-mold molding;

FIG. 2E is a process drawing for describing an example of manufacturinga product of the present invention by in-mold molding;

FIG. 2F is a process drawing for describing an example of manufacturinga product of the present invention by in-mold molding;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a product ofthe present invention (part 1);

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a product ofthe present invention (part 2);

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a product ofthe present invention (part 3);

FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an example of a product ofthe present invention (part 4);

FIG. 7A is a schematic view for describing a method of a cloudiness testthrough vapor; and

FIG. 7B is a schematic view for describing a method of a cloudiness testthrough vapor.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS (Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Laminate)

An anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate of the present inventionincludes at least a substrate, a primer layer, and an anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer, and further includes other members if necessary.

<Characteristics of Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Laminate>

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate has the followingcharacteristics.

An average thickness of the primer layer is more than 0.5 μm.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has a coefficient of kineticfriction of 0.40 or less.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has an average thickness of 10μm or more.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has Martens hardness of 10 N/mm²or more.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is a cured product of an activeenergy ray curable resin composition.

The active energy ray curable resin composition includes a hydrophilicmonomer having an alkylene oxide equivalent of less than 100 and anacrylic equivalent of 200 to 500, a non-alicyclic crosslinking agenthaving an alkylene oxide equivalent of 100 or more and an acrylicequivalent of less than 400, and a hydrophobic monomer including atleast one selected from the group consisting of fluorine and silicon.

A content of the crosslinking agent in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 5% by mass to 40% by mass relative to non-volatilematter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.

A content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass relative to thenon-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.

When the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate has the aforementionedcharacteristics, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is excellentin appearance, a fouling property, and durability, and is notdeteriorated in the appearance and is excellent in an anti-foggingproperty even under higher temperature and higher humidity conditions.

Here, the “durability” is a general term of scratch resistance, chemicalresistance, coat close adhesiveness, and pencil hardness. The phrase“excellent in durability” means that favorable results are presented inevaluations of scratch resistance, chemical resistance, coat closeadhesiveness, and pencil hardness that will be described in Examplesbelow.

<Substrate>

The substrate is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof includesubstrates made of a resin and inorganic substrates.

<<Inorganic Substrate>>

Examples of the inorganic substrate include substrates made of glass,substrates made of quartz, and substrates made of sapphire.

The substrate made of glass is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examplesthereof include silica glass (silicate glass), soda-lime glass, andpotash glass.

The substrate made of glass may be tempered glass, laminated glass, andheat-resistant glass.

The substrate made of glass may be those used in applications such aswindow glass for automobiles, window glass for construction, lens,mirror, and goggles.

A shape of the substrate made of glass is typically a form of plate, butmay be any form such as a form of sheet and a form of curvature.

<<Substrate Made of Resin>>

The material of the substrate made of a resin is not particularlylimited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intendedpurpose. Examples of the material include triacetylcellulose (TAC),polyester (TPEE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET),polyethylenenaphthalate (PEN), polyimide (PI), polyamide (PA), aramid,polyethylene (PE), polyacrylate, polyethersulfone, polysulfone,polypropylene (PP), polystyrene, diacetylcellulose, polyvinyl chloride,acrylic resins (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), epoxy resins, urea resins,urethane resins, melamine resins, phenol resins,acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer, cycloolefin polymer (COP),cycloolefin copolymer (COC), PC/PMMA laminate, and rubber-added PMMA.

The substrate preferably has transparency.

A shape of the substrate, which is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, is preferablyform of a film,

When the substrate is form of a film, an average thickness of thesubstrate is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selecteddepending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 5 μm to 1,000 μm,more preferably 50 μm to 500 μm.

On the surface of the substrate, letters, patterns, and images, etc. maybe printed.

On the surface of the substrate, a binder layer may be provided in orderto increase close adhesiveness between the substrate and a moldingmaterial when the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is molded andprocessed, or in order to protect the letters, the patterns, and theimages from flow pressure of the molding material during the molding andprocessing. As the material of the binder layer, various adhesive agentscan be used in addition to various binders such as acryl-based binders,urethane-based binders, polyester-based binders, polyamide-basedbinders, ethylene butyl alcohol-based binders, andethylene-vinyl-acetate-copolymer-based binders. Note that, two or morebinder layers may be formed. As the binder to be used, those havingheat-sensitivity and pressure-sensitivity suitable for a moldingmaterial can be selected.

A surface of the substrate opposite to the surface of the substrate atwhich the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is disposed may havewrinkle patterns. This makes it possible to prevent blocking when aplurality of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminates are laminated.As a result, a handling property in the post-process is improved and aproduct can be effectively produced.

The wrinkle patterns can be formed through, for example, embossprocessing.

Here, the blocking means difficulty in pulling sheets apart when aplurality of sheets are laminated.

<Primer Layer>

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer does not have a sufficient closeadhesiveness to the substrate. Therefore, in the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate, a primer layer, which improves the anti-foggingand anti-fouling layer in close adhesiveness to the substrate, isdisposed between the substrate and the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer.

When the primer layer is thin, an effect of improving close adhesivenessis insufficient. Therefore, an average thickness of the primer layer ismore than 0.5 μm.

The average thickness of the primer layer is not particularly limitedand may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, solong as it is more than 0.5 μm. However, the average thickness ispreferably 1 μm to 20 μm, more preferably 1 μm to 10 μm, particularlypreferably 2 μm to 5 μm.

The average thickness of the primer layer falling within the preferableranges hardly decreases close adhesiveness and makes it possible toprevent the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer from being exfoliated,even when it is exposed to high-temperature vapor (for example, 60° C.or more), thermal shock (for example, drastic change from −20° C. to 80°C.), and an alkali detergent.

The average thickness is determined through the following method.

A thickness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer can be measuredby observing a cross section of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate with a field emission scanning electron microscope S-4700(product name; manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation).The measurement is performed at any 10 portions and an average value ofthe measurements is regarded as an average thickness.

In addition, measurement may be performed with F20 film thicknessmeasurement system manufactured by Filmetrics.

The primer layer can be formed by, for example, coating the activeenergy ray curable resin composition. That is, the primer layer is acured product obtained by, for example, curing the active energy raycurable resin composition through active energy rays. The active energyray curable resin composition is, for example, an active energy raycurable resin composition that includes at least urethane (meth)acrylateand a photopolymerization initiator and further includes othercomponents such as a solvent if necessary.

The urethane (meth)acrylate is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examplesthereof include aliphatic urethane (meth)acrylate and aromatic urethane(meth)acrylate. Among them, aliphatic urethane (meth)acrylate ispreferable.

Specific examples of the photopolymerization initiator include specificexamples of the photopolymerization initiator that will be exemplifiedin the description of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer below.

Specific examples of the solvent include specific examples of thesolvent that will be exemplified in the description of the anti-foggingand anti-fouling layer below.

The active energy ray curable resin composition further preferablyincludes (meth)acrylate having an ethylene oxide structure. Examples ofthe (meth)acrylate having an ethylene oxide structure includepentaerythritol ethoxy tetra(meth)acrylate and trimethylolpropane ethoxytri(meth)acrylate.

A method of the coating is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examplesthereof include wire bar coating, blade coating, spin coating, reverseroll coating, die coating, spray coating, roll coating, gravure coating,microgravure coating, lip coating, air knife coating, curtain coating, acomma coat method, and a dipping method.

<Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Layer>

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has a coefficient of kineticfriction of 0.40 or less.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has an average thickness of 10μm or more.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has Martens hardness of 10 N/mm²or more.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is a cured product of an activeenergy ray curable resin composition.

The active energy ray curable resin composition includes a hydrophilicmonomer having an alkylene oxide equivalent of less than 100 and anacrylic equivalent of 200 to 500, a non-alicyclic crosslinking agenthaving an alkylene oxide equivalent of 100 or more and an acrylicequivalent of less than 400, and a hydrophobic monomer including atleast one selected from the group consisting of fluorine and silicon.

A content of the crosslinking agent in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 5% by mass to 40% by mass relative to non-volatilematter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.

A content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass relative to thenon-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.

A surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer preferably has apure water contact angle of 80° or more.

The surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer preferably has ahexadecane contact angle of 35° or more.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is disposed on the primer layer.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has a flat surface. Here, thephrase “having a flat surface” means that the surface does not haveintentionally formed convex portions or concave portions. For example,regarding the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate, when theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is formed (when the cured product isformed), fine convex portions or concave portions formed through aphysical processing are not formed on the surface.

When the surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer does nothave fine convex portions or concave portions, aqueous stains and/oroily stains (e.g., ink of permanent markers, finger prints, sweat, andcosmetics such as foundation cosmetics and UV protectors) hardly adhereto the surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer. In addition,even if these stains adhere thereto, the stains can be easily removedwith a sheet of tissue paper.

<<Martens Hardness>>

The Martens hardness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer can bemeasured with PICODENTOR HM500 (product name; manufactured by FischerInstruments). In that case, the measurement is performed with a diamondcone as a needle under the following conditions: load of 1 mN/20 s; anda face angle of 136°.

The Martens hardness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is 10N/mm² or more, preferably 20 N/mm² or more. When the Martens hardness isless than 10 N/mm², the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is easilyscratched.

The upper limit of the Martens hardness of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose. However, examples of theMartens hardness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer include 40N/mm² or less, 50 N/mm² or less, and 100 N/mm² or less.

<<Coefficient of Kinetic Friction>>

The coefficient of kinetic friction is determined through the followingmethod.

The coefficient of kinetic friction is measured with Triboster TS501(product name; manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd). BEMCOT(Registered Trademark) M-3II (product name; manufactured by Asahi KaseiCorp.) is attached to a surface contact probe with pieces of doublesided tape and the measurement is performed at any 12 portions under thefollowing conditions: a measurement load of 50 g/cm², a measurementspeed of 1.7 mm/s, and a measurement distance of 20 mm. An average valueof the measurements is regarded as the coefficient of kinetic friction.

The coefficient of kinetic friction of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer is 0.40 or less, preferably 0.37 or less, more preferably 0.30 orless. When the is coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.40 or less,slipperiness of a material to be wiped is favorable, and the material iseasily wiped even when stains are attached thereto. In addition, aneffect of releasing a force is achieved, which hardly scratches theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer.

The lower limit of the coefficient of kinetic friction of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is not particularly limited and maybe appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However,the coefficient of kinetic friction of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer is preferably, for example, 0.10 or more.

<<Average Thickness>>

An average thickness is determined through the following method.

A thickness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer can be measuredby observing a cross section of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate with a field emission scanning electron microscope S-4700(product name; manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation).The measurement is performed at any 10 portions and an average value ofthe measurements is regarded as an average thickness.

In addition, measurement may be performed with F20 film thicknessmeasurement system manufactured by Filmetrics.

In order to suppress cloudiness for a certain time or longer (e.g., 10minutes or longer) in an atmosphere of high temperature and highhumidity conditions (e.g., 35° C. and 85% RH), it is effective to set athickness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer to a certain valueor higher.

In terms of the above, an average thickness of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer is 10 μm or more, preferably 20 μm or more, morepreferably 26 μm or more.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer having a high average thicknessdoes not adversely affect a high resilient property thereof whenreceiving deformation by pressure applied upon wiping. Therefore, theaverage thickness thereof is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. The upperlimit of the average thickness of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selecteddepending on the intended purpose. The average thickness is, forexample, 30 μm or less, 40 μm or less, and 100 μm or less.

<<Pure Water Contact Angle>>

A pure water contact angle of the surface of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer is preferably 80° or more, more preferably 90° ormore, particularly preferably 100° or more. The upper limit of the purewater contact angle is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose. The pure water contact angleis, for example, 130° or less, 150° or less, and 170° or less.

The pure water contact angle is measured with a contact angle meter:PCA-1 (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd) under thefollowing conditions. Distilled water is charged into a plastic syringeand a stainless needle is attached to a tip thereof. Then, the distilledwater is added dropwise to a surface to be evaluated (the surface of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer).

Amount of water added dropwise: 2 μL

Measurement temperature: 25° C.

A contact angle 5 seconds after water is added dropwise is measured atany 10 portions on the surface of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer and an average value of the measurements is regarded as the purewater contact angle.

<<Hexadecane Contact Angle>>

A hexadecane contact angle of the surface of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer is preferably 35° or more, more preferably 40° ormore, particularly preferably 60° or more. The upper limit of thehexadecane contact angle is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. The pure watercontact angle is, for example, 100° or less, 120° or less, and 150° orless.

The hexadecane contact angle is measured with a contact angle meter:PCA-1 (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd) under thefollowing conditions. Hexadecane is charged into a plastic syringe and aTeflon-coated stainless needle is attached to a tip thereof. Then,hexadecane is added dropwise to a surface to be evaluated (the surfaceof the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer).

Amount of hexadecane added dropwise: 1 μL

Measurement temperature: 25° C.

A contact angle 20 seconds after hexadecane is added dropwise ismeasured at any 10 portions on the surface of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer and an average value of the measurements is regardedas the hexadecane contact angle.

In the case where the pure water contact angle falls within theaforementioned preferable ranges and the hexadecane contact angle fallswithin the aforementioned preferable ranges, even when aqueous stainsand/or oily stains (e.g., ink of permanent markers, finger prints,sweat, and cosmetics such as foundation cosmetics and UV protectors) areattached, it is possible to prevent these stains from permeating throughunder layers of the bulk, resulting in an excellent fouling property aswell as an excellent anti-fogging property.

<<Active Energy Ray Curable Resin Composition>>

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is a cured product of an activeenergy ray curable resin composition.

The active energy ray curable resin composition includes a hydrophilicmonomer, a crosslinking agent, and a hydrophobic monomer, and furtherincludes other components such as a photopolymerization initiator and asolvent if necessary.

-Hydrophilic Monomer-

The hydrophilic monomer has an alkylene oxide equivalent of less than100 and an acrylic equivalent of 200 to 500.

Here, the alkylene oxide equivalent is mass of monomer per 1 mol of thealkylene oxide group and is obtained by dividing a molecular weight ofthe monomer into the number of alkylene oxides per one molecule of themonomer.

The acrylic equivalent is mass of monomer per 1 mol of the (meth)acrylicgroup and is obtained by dividing a molecular weight of the monomer intothe number of (meth)acrylic groups [may be referred to as (meth)acryloylgroup] per one molecule of the monomer.

The number of carbon atoms of the alkylene group in the alkylene oxideis preferably 1 to 12, more preferably 1 to 4.

Examples of the alkylene oxide include methylene oxide (the number ofcarbon atoms: 1), 1,2-ethylene oxide (the number of carbon atoms: 2),1,3-propylene oxide (the number of carbon atoms: 3), 1,2-propylene oxide(the number of carbon atoms: 3), and 1,4-butylene oxide (the number ofcarbon atoms: 4).

The lower limit of the alkylene oxide equivalent in the hydrophilicmonomer is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selecteddepending on the intended purpose. Examples of the alkylene oxideequivalent include 30 or more and 40 or more.

The hydrophilic monomer includes a (meth)acryloyl group. The number ofthe (meth)acryloyl groups in the hydrophilic monomer is not particularlylimited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intendedpurpose. However, the number thereof is preferably 2 to 6, morepreferably 2 to 4.

The (meth)acryloyl group means an acryloyl group or a methacryloylgroup.

The hydrophilic monomer is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose so long as ithas an alkylene oxide equivalent of less than 100 and an acrylicequivalent of 200 to 500. Examples thereof include alkoxylatedtrimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, alkoxylated glycerintri(meth)acrylate, alkoxylated pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, andpolyalkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate.

A molecular weight of the hydrophilic monomer is not particularlylimited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intendedpurpose. The molecular weight thereof is preferably 300 to 2,500, morepreferably 400 to 2,000, particularly preferably 600 to 1,500.

A content of the hydrophilic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose. The content thereof ispreferably 55% by mass to 90% by mass relative to non-volatile matter ofthe active energy ray curable resin composition. When the contentthereof falls within the preferable range, the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer is hardly clouded and scratched. As a result, theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is hardly attacked by chemicals.

-Crosslinking Agent-

Unlike the hydrophilic monomer, the crosslinking agent has an alkyleneoxide equivalent of 100 or more. In addition, the crosslinking agent hasan acrylic equivalent of less than 400.

In the present invention, a crosslinking agent having no alkylene oxideis included in the crosslinking agent.

The crosslinking agent is a non-alicyclic crosslinking agent. That is,the crosslinking agent has no alicyclic structure. The alicyclicstructure is a ring structure including three or more carbon atoms.

Examples of the alkylene oxide include ethylene oxide and 1,2-propyleneoxide.

The lower limit of the acrylic equivalent in the crosslinking agent isnot particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending onthe intended purpose. Examples of the acrylic equivalent include 100 ormore.

The crosslinking agent includes a (meth)acryloyl group. The number ofthe (meth)acryloyl groups in the crosslinking agent is not particularlylimited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intendedpurpose. However, the number thereof is preferably 2 to 6.

The crosslinking agent is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, so long as ithas an alkylene oxide equivalent of 100 or more and an acrylicequivalent of less than 400. Examples thereof include pentaerythritolalkoxy tetra(meth)acrylate, aliphatic urethane (urethane)acrylate, andethoxylated bisphenol-A diacrylate.

A molecular weight of the crosslinking agent is not particularly limitedand may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.However, the molecular weight thereof is preferably 300 to 2,500, morepreferably 400 to 2,000, more preferably 500 to 1,900.

A content of the crosslinking agent in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 5% by mass to 40% by mass, preferably 20% by massto 35% by mass, particularly preferably 20% by mass to 30% by mass,relative to the non-volatile matter of the active energy ray curableresin composition. When the content thereof is less than 5% by mass,scratch resistance and chemical resistance are deteriorated. When thecontent thereof is more than 40% by mass, an anti-fogging property isdeteriorated.

Here, some examples of the hydrophilic monomer and the crosslinkingagent, alkylene oxide equivalents thereof, and acrylic equivalentsthereof will be described below.

TABLE 1 Number of Number of AO group acrylic group Molecular per one perone AO Acrylic Monomer weight molecule molecule equivalent equivalentHydrophilic SR9035 956 15 3 63.7 318.7 monomer ATM-35E 1892 35 4 54.1473 A-GLY-20E 1295 20 3 64.8 431.7 A-600 708 14 2 50.6 354.0 A-GLY-9E811 9 3 90.1 270.3 A-400 508 9 2 56.4 254.0 Crosslinking EBECRYL40 571 44 142.8 142.8 agent PU610 1800 0 6 — 300.0 ABE-300 466 3 2 155.3 233.0Others A-1000 1108 23 2 48.2 554.0 A-DCP 304 0 2 — 152 The “AO” in Table1 represents alkylene oxide.Details of the monomers described in Table 1are as follows. [Hydrophilic monomer] •SR9035: Ethoxylated (15)trimethylolpropane triacrylate, manufactured by SARTOMER Note that, (15)means an average number of ethylene oxide groups contained per one moleis 15. •ATM-35E: Ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, manufacturedby Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. •A-GLY-20E: Ethoxylated glycerintriacrylate, manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. •A-600:Polyethylene glycol diacrylate, manufactured by Shin Nakamura ChemicalCo., Ltd. •A-GLY-9E: Ethoxylated glycerin triacrylate, manufactured byShin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. •A-400: Polyethylene glycol diacrylate,manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. [Crosslinking agent]•EBECRYL40: Pentaerythritol alkoxy tetraacrylate, manufactured byDAICEL-ALLNEX LTD. •PU610: Aliphatic urethane acrylate (the numeber ofacrylic groups: 6, molecular weight: 1800), manufactured by Miwon•ABE-300: Ethoxylated bisphenol-A diacrylate, manufactured by ShinNakamur Chemical Co., Ltd. [Others] •A-1000: Polyethylene glycoldiacrylate, manufactured by Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd. •A-DCP:Tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, manufactured by Shin NakamuraChemical Co., Ltd.

-Hydrophobic Monomer-

Unlike the hydrophilic monomer and the crosslinking agent, thehydrophobic monomer includes at least one selected from the groupconsisting of fluorine and silicon.

In other words, the hydrophobic monomer includes at least one selectedfrom the group consisting of fluorine and silicon, while the hydrophilicmonomer and the crosslinking agent include neither fluorine nor silicon.

The hydrophobic monomer includes, for example, a fluoroalkyl group, afluoroalkyl ether group, and a dimethylsiloxane group.

The hydrophobic monomer includes a (meth)acryloyl group. The number ofthe (meth)acryloyl groups in the hydrophobic monomer is not particularlylimited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intendedpurpose. However, the number thereof is preferably 2 to 6.

Examples of the hydrophobic monomer include fluorinated (meth)acrylatehaving a fluoroalkyl group or a fluoroalkyl ether group and silicone(meth)acrylate having a dimethylsiloxane group.

Examples of commercially available products of the fluorinated(meth)acrylate include KY-1200 series manufactured by Shin-Etsu ChemicalCo., Ltd., MEGAFACE RS series manufactured by DIC CORPORATION, andOPTOOL DAC manufactured by DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD.

Examples of commercially available products of the silicone(meth)acrylate include X-22-164 series manufactured by Shin-EtsuChemical Co., Ltd. and TEGO Rad series manufactured by Evonik Co.

A molecular weight of the hydrophobic monomer is not particularlylimited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intendedpurpose.

A content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass, preferably 0.001% bymass to 5.0% by mass, more preferably 0.01% by mass to 5.0% by mass,particularly preferably 0.01% by mass to 4.0% by mass, relative to thenon-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.When the amount thereof is less than 0.001% by mass, the foulingproperty is deteriorated. When the content thereof is more than 10% bymass, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is deteriorated inappearance (loss of brightness and cloudiness).

-Photopolymerization Initiator-

Examples of the photopolymerization initiator include photoradicalpolymerization initiators, photo-acid generating agents, bisazidocompounds, hexamethoxymethylmelamine, and tetramethoxy glycoluril.

The photoradical polymerization initiator is not particularly limitedand may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.Examples thereof are presented as follows.

-   1-Hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone-   2-Hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-benzil]phenyl}-2-methyl-propan-1-one-   2,2-Dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one-   2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one-   1-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one-   Blend of oxy-phenyl-acetic acid    2-[2-oxo-2-phenyl-acetoxy-ethoxy]-ethyl ester and oxy-phenyl-acetic    acid 2-[2-hydroxy-ethoxy]-ethyl ester-   2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide

The photopolymerization initiator preferably includes no nitrogen atomas a constituent element in order to prevent yellowing in appearance.

Meanwhile, in order to prevent yellowing in appearance, thephotopolymerization initiator preferably includes only C, H, and O, oronly C, H, P, and O, as constituent elements.

A content of the photopolymerization initiator in the active energy raycurable resin composition is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However, thecontent thereof is preferably 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass, morepreferably 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass, particularly preferably 1% bymass to 5% by mass.

-Solvent-

The solvent is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof includeorganic solvents.

Examples of the organic solvent include aromatic solvents, alcoholsolvents, ester solvents, ketone solvents, glycol ether solvents, glycolether ester solvents, chlorine solvents, ether solvents,N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, anddimethylacetamide.

As the solvent, a solvent having a boiling point of 80° C. or more ispreferable for the purpose of obtaining an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer having more excellent appearance.

Examples of the solvent having a boiling point of 80° C. or more include1-propanol, 2-propanol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol,1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, n-propyl acetate,isopropyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone,diisobutyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, propylene glycol monomethylether,methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, 1,4-dioxane,methyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate,and butyl carbitol acetate.

A content of the solvent in the active energy ray curable resincomposition is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose.

The active energy ray curable resin composition is cured by irradiationof active energy rays. The active energy rays are not particularlylimited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intendedpurpose. Examples thereof include electron beams, UV rays, infraredrays, laser beams, visible rays, ionizing radiation (e.g., X rays, αrays, β rays, γ rays), microwave, and high-frequency wave.

When the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is evaluated for ananti-fogging property through an evaluation method below, a result ofthe anti-fogging property is preferably A.

<Evaluation Method of Anti-Fogging Property>

After left to stand for 2 hours under an environment of normaltemperature, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is exposed to ahigh temperature and high humidity environment of 35° C. and 85% RH for15 minutes. Then, a surface of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate is visually observed during exposure to the high temperatureand high humidity environment and is evaluated for the anti-foggingproperty based on evaluation criteria below.

[Evaluation Criteria]

A: Until 15 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less.

B: Until 10 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less.

C: Until 5 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less.

D: In 5 minutes, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminatethat exhibits fogging is more than 30%.

When the active energy ray curable resin composition includes thehydrophobic monomer and the hydrophilic monomer, the low-surface-energycomponents are localized on the surface of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer obtained, and the hydrophilic components(water-absorbable components) are present inside the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer. As a result, water droplets are easily repelled onthe surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer, and water vaporis easily trapped inside the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer, whichmakes it possible to achieve more excellent anti-fogging property.

A method for producing the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is notparticularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on theintended purpose. The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is preferablyobtained by irradiating an uncured layer formed of the active energy raycurable resin composition with ultraviolet rays under an atmospherehaving an oxygen concentration of less than 0.1% by volume. This makesthe curing ability excellent. As a result, an anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer having a low coefficient of kinetic friction and ahigh contact angle can be obtained.

Examples of the atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of less than0.1% by volume include inert gas atmospheres such as nitrogenatmosphere.

Here, one example of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate will bedescribed.

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one example of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate of the present invention.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate of FIG. 1 includes asubstrate made of a resin 11, a primer layer 12, and an anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer 13.

(Method for Producing Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Laminate)

A method of the present invention for producing an anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate includes at least an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer forming step, preferably includes a primer layer forming step, andfurther includes other steps if necessary.

The method for producing an anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is asuitable method of the present invention for producing the anti-foggingand anti-fouling laminate.

<Primer Layer Forming Step>

The primer layer forming step is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, so long as itis a step of forming the primer layer. Examples thereof include a stepof coating, on the substrate, an active energy ray curable resincomposition for forming a primer layer and irradiating it withultraviolet rays, to form the primer layer.

<Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Layer Forming Step>

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer forming step is not particularlylimited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intendedpurpose, so long as it is a step of irradiating, with ultraviolet rays,un uncured layer formed of the active energy ray curable resincomposition on the primer layer under an atmosphere having an oxygenconcentration of less than 0.1% by volume, to form the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer.

By performing irradiation of ultraviolet rays under the atmospherehaving an oxygen concentration of less than 0.1% by volume when theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is formed, the curing abilitybecomes excellent. As a result, an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerhaving a low coefficient of kinetic friction and a high contact anglecan be obtained.

Examples of the atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of less than0.1% by volume include inert gas atmospheres such as nitrogenatmosphere.

(Active Energy Ray Curable Resin Composition)

An active energy ray curable resin composition of the present inventionincludes at least a hydrophilic monomer, a hydrophobic monomer, acrosslinking agent, and a photopolymerization initiator, and furtherincludes other components such as a solvent if necessary.

Details of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobic monomer, thecrosslinking agent, the photopolymerization initiator, and the solventare the same as the details of the hydrophilic monomer, the hydrophobicmonomer, the crosslinking agent, the photopolymerization initiator, andthe solvent in the description of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate. In addition,preferable embodiments thereof are the same as well.

A surface of an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer having a flatsurface, which is obtained by curing the active energy ray curable resincomposition through active energy rays, preferably has Martens hardnessof 10 N/mm² or more.

The surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer preferably has acoefficient of kinetic friction of 0.40 or less.

The surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer preferably has apure water contact angle of 80° or more and preferably has a hexadecanecontact angle of 35° or more.

Measurement methods and preferable ranges of the Martens hardness, thecoefficient of kinetic friction, the pure water contact angle, and thehexadecane contact angle are the same as the measurement methods andpreferable ranges in the description of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer.

(Product)

A product of the present invention includes the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate of the present invention on a surface thereof andfurther includes other members if necessary.

The product is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose. Examples thereof includeglass windows, refrigerating/freezing show cases, window materials forautomobile windows, bath mirrors, mirrors such as automobile sidemirrors, floors and walls of bath rooms, solar battery panels, and crimeprevention monitoring cameras.

The product may be a pair of glasses, goggles, helmets, lenses,microlens arrays, and headlight covers, front panels, side panels, andrear panels of automobiles. These are preferably formed by in-moldforming, insert molding, or overlay molding.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate may be formed on a part orthe whole of the surface of the product.

A method for producing the product is not particularly limited and maybe appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However,the method for producing the product of the present invention that willbe described later is preferable.

(Method for Producing Product)

The method for producing the product of the present invention includesat least a heating step, and an anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminatemolding step, and further includes other steps (injection molding step,cast molding step, etc.) if necessary.

The method for producing the product is the method for producing theproduct of the present invention.

<Heating Step>

The heating step is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose so long as it is a step ofheating an anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate of the present invention.

The heating is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose. However, heating throughinfrared rays or exposure to a high temperature atmosphere ispreferable.

A temperature of the heating is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However, thetemperature of the heating is preferably near a glass transitiontemperature of the substrate made of a resin or the glass transitiontemperature or higher.

The heating time is not particularly limited and may be appropriatelyselected depending on the intended purpose.

<Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Laminate Molding Step>

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate molding step is notparticularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on theintended purpose so long as it is a step of molding the heatedanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate into a desired shape. Theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate molding step is, for example, astep of bringing the laminate into contact with a predetermined mold andmolding the laminate into a desired shape by application of airpressure.

<Injection Molding Step>

After the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate molding step, aninjection molding step may be performed if necessary.

The injection molding step is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose so long as itis a step of injecting a molding material onto a substrate made of aresin of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate molded into adesired shape and molding the molding material.

Examples of the molding material include resins. Examples of the resininclude olefin resins, styrene resins, ABS resins(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers), AS resins(acrylonitrile-styrene copolymers), acrylic resins, urethane resins,unsaturated polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyphenyleneoxide/polystyrene resins, polycarbonates, polycarbonate-modifiedpolyphenylene ethers, polyethylene terephthalates, polysulfones,polyphenylene sulfides, polyphenylene oxides, polyetherimides,polyimides, polyamides, liquid crystal polyesters, polyallylheat-resistant resins, various types of complex resins, and varioustypes of modified resins.

A method of the injection is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examples ofthe method of the injection include a method by injecting the moltenmolding material to a substrate made of a resin of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate that has closely adhered to a predetermined die.

<Cast Molding Step>

After the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate molding step, a castmolding step may be performed if necessary.

The cast molding step is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, so long as itis the following step. That is, resin materials dissolved in a solutionare charged into a side of the substrate made of a resin of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate, which is molded into a desiredshape. Then, the resin materials are solidified to perform the molding.

The method for producing the product is preferably performed by use ofan in-mold forming apparatus, an insert-molding apparatus, or an overlaymolding apparatus.

Here, an example of the method for producing the product of the presentinvention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.The production method is a production method using an in-mold formingapparatus.

First, an anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate 500 is heated. Theheating is preferably performed by heating through infrared rays orexposure to a high temperature atmosphere.

Then, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate 500 heated is disposed at a predetermined position between afirst mold 501 and a second mold 502 in such a manner that the substratemade of a resin of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate 500 facesthe first mold 501 and the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer faces thesecond mold 502. In FIG. 2A, the first mold 501 is immovable, while thesecond mold 502 is movable.

After the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate 500 is disposed betweenthe first mold 501 and the second mold 502, the first mold 501 and thesecond mold 502 are clamped. Subsequently, the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate 500 is attracted to a suction hole 504 opened in acavity surface of the second mold 502 to fit the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate 500 along the cavity surface of the second mold502. In this manner, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate 500 isshaped on the cavity surface. At this time, the periphery of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate 500 may be immobilized by a filmpressor mechanism (not illustrated) to thereby perform positioning.Thereafter, unnecessary portions of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate 500 are trimmed off (FIG. 2B).

Note that, when the second mold 502 has no suction hole 504 and thefirst mold 501 has a compressed air hole (not illustrated), compressedair is fed through the compressed air hole of the first mold 501 towardthe anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate 500 to fit the anti-foggingand anti-fouling laminate 500 along the cavity surface of the secondmold 502.

Subsequently, toward the substrate made of a resin of the anti-foggingand anti-fouling laminate 500, a molten molding material 506 is injectedfrom a gate 505 of the first mold 501 and is injected into the cavitythat is formed by clamping the first mold 501 and the second mold 502(FIG. 2C). In this manner, the cavity is filled with the molten moldingmaterial 506 (FIG. 2D). After completion of filling the molten moldingmaterial 506, the molten molding material 506 is cooled to apredetermined temperature and is solidified.

Thereafter, the second mold 502 is moved to separate the first mold 501and the second mold 502 (FIG. 2E). In this manner, the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate 500 is formed on the surface of the moldingmaterial 506 and a product 507 molded into a desired shape by in-moldforming can be obtained.

Finally, the obtained product 507 is pushed out by ejection pins 508from the first mold 501 to remove the product 507.

The production method using the overlay molding apparatus is as follows.This is a process of directly decorating the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate on the surface of a molding material. One examplethereof is, for example, TOM (three dimension overlay method). Next, oneexample of the method for producing the product of the present inventionusing the TOM will be described below.

First, in both spaces of an apparatus that are partitioned by theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate fixed on a fixing frame, air issuctioned by, for example, a vacuum pump to perform vacuum drawing inthe both spaces.

At this time, a molding material previously formed by injection moldingis placed in one of the spaces. At the same time, the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate is heated with an infrared heater until thetemperature reaches a predetermined temperature at which theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is softened. At the timing whenthe anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is heated to be soften, theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is allowed to closely adhere tothe three dimensional shape of the molding material under a vacuumatmosphere by feeding air into the space of the apparatus where there isno molding material. If necessary, pressing with compressed air from aside where the air is fed may be further used in combination. After theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate is allowed to closely adhere tothe molding product, the resultant decorated molding product is removedfrom the fixing frame. This vacuum molding is performed generally at 80°C. to 200° C., preferably at about 110° C. to about 160° C.

Upon overlay molding, in order to achieve adhesion between theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate and the molding material, anadhesive layer may be provided on a surface opposite to the surface ofthe anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate. The adhesive layer is not particularly limitedand may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.Examples of the adhesive layer include acrylic adhesive agents andhot-melt adhesive agents. A method for forming the adhesive layer is notparticularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on theintended purpose. Examples thereof include a method for forming theadhesive layer by forming the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer on thesubstrate made of a resin and then coating a coating liquid for theadhesive layer at a side opposite to the side of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate. Inaddition, the adhesive layer may be laminated on the substrate made of aresin by coating a coating liquid for the adhesive layer on anexfoliation sheet to form the adhesive layer and then laminating thesubstrate made of a resin and the adhesive layer on the exfoliationsheet.

Here, an example of the product of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 3 to FIG. 6 are each a schematic cross-sectional view of an exampleof the product of the present invention.

The product of FIG. 3 includes a molding material 506, a substrate madeof a resin 211, a primer layer 212, and an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer 213, where the substrate made of a resin 211, the primer layer212, and the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer 213 are laminated onthe molding material 506 in this order.

This product can be produced by, for example, insert molding.

The product of FIG. 4 includes a molding material 506, a substrate madeof a resin 211, a primer layer 212, an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer 213, and a hard coat layer 600, where the substrate made of aresin 211, the primer layer 212, and the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer 213 are laminated on the molding material 506 in this order. Thehard coat layer 600 is formed at a side of the molding material 506opposite to the side of the molding material 506 at which the substratemade of a resin 211 is laminated.

This product can be produced by the following method. Specifically,after the product of FIG. 3 is produced, a productive layer is formed onthe anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer 213. Then, the hard coat layer600 is formed on a surface of the molding material 506 by immersing themolding material 506 in a hard coat solution and then drying and coatingit. Moreover, the protective layer is exfoliated to form the product ofFIG. 4. Note that, when the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has aflat surface and has both a pure water contact angle of more than 80°and a hexadecane contact angle of more than 35°, the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer repels the hard coat solution. Therefore, the hardcoat is not formed on the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer even whenthe protective layer is not formed thereon. Then, the hard coat layer600 is formed only on a side of the molding material 506 opposite to theside of the molding material 506 at which the substrate made of a resin211 is laminated. As a result, the product is excellent in productivity.

The product of FIG. 5 includes a molding material 506, substrates madeof a resin 211, primer layers 212, and anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayers 213, where each of the substrates made of a resin 211, each ofthe primer layers 212, and each of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayers 213 are laminated on both sides of the molding material 506 inthis order.

The product of FIG. 6 includes a molding material 506, a substrate madeof a resin 211, a primer layer 212, an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer 213, and an optical film 601, where the substrate made of a resin211, the primer layer 212, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer 213are laminated on the molding material 506 in this order. The opticalfilm 601 is formed at a side of the molding material 506 opposite to theside of the molding material 506 at which the substrate made of a resin211 is laminated. Examples of the optical film 601 include a hard coatfilm, an anti-reflection film, an anti-glare film, and a polarizingfilm.

The product illustrated in FIG. 5 or FIG. 6 can be produced by, forexample, double insert molding. The double insert molding is a methodfor molding an integrated product where films are laminated on bothsurfaces, and can be performed using, for example, the method describedin Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 03-114718.

(Anti-Fogging Method) <Anti-Fogging Method (Part 1)>

One aspect of an anti-fogging method of the present invention is ananti-fogging method for improving an anti-fogging property of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer by warming the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate of the present invention to a temperature equal toor higher than normal temperature.

By warming the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer to a temperatureequal to or higher than normal temperature, a fogging property isimproved, and cloudiness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer canbe prevented for a certain time or longer.

It is believed that the reason why the anti-fogging property is improvedthrough warming is because the warming suppresses condensation on thesurface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer and moisture iseffectively repeatedly absorbed and released.

Examples of the method of the warming include a method by maintaining anatmosphere to 30° C. or more and a method by applying hot water of 30°C. or more to the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer.

<Anti-Fogging Method (Part 2)>

Another aspect of the anti-fogging method of the present invention is ananti-fogging method for maintaining an anti-fogging property of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer, by cleaning the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate of thepresent invention.

When water scale or oily stains are attached on the surface of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer, the anti-fogging property isdeteriorated. Therefore, by cleaning the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer, the anti-fogging property of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer can be maintained.

A method of the cleaning is not particularly limited and may beappropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. Examplesthereof include a method of the cleaning by wiping it with a sponge.Examples of the sponge include commercially available urethane spongesand melamine sponges. When the sponge is used for the wiping, the spongemay be wetted with tap water or a detergent (e.g., commerciallyavailable neutral detergents, alkaline detergents, and acidicdetergents) may be applied to the sponge.

EXAMPLES

The present invention will be described below by way of Examples.However, the present invention should not be construed as being limitedto these Examples.

<Appearance>

Appearance was visually observed and was evaluated in the followingevaluation criteria.

[Evaluation Criteria]

B: The surface was colorless, transparent, and clear.

D: Loss of brightness, yellowing, or unevenness was observed.

<Average Thickness>

A thickness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer was measured byobserving a cross section of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminatewith a field emission scanning electron microscope S-4700 (product name:manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). The measurementwas performed at any 10 portions and an average value of themeasurements was regarded as an average thickness.

<Pure Water Contact Angle>

The pure water contact angle was measured with a contact angle meter,PCA-1 (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.) under thefollowing conditions. Distillation water was charged into a plasticsyringe. To the tip of the syringe, a stainless steel needle wasattached. The distillation water was added dropwise to a surface to beevaluated (surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer).

The amount of water added dropwise: 2 μL

The measurement temperature: 25° C.

A contact angle 5 seconds after water was added dropwise was measured atany 10 portions on the surface of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer and an average value of the measurements was regarded as the purewater contact angle.

<Hexadecane Contact Angle>

The hexadecane contact angle was measured with a contact angle meter,PCA-1 (manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.) under thefollowing conditions. Hexadecane was charged into a plastic syringe. Tothe tip of the syringe, a TEFLON coated stainless steel needle wasattached. The hexadecane was added dropwise to a surface to be evaluated(surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer).

The amount of hexadecane added dropwise: 1 μL

The measurement temperature: 25° C.

A contact angle 20 seconds after hexadecane was added dropwise wasmeasured at any 10 portions on the surface of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer and an average value of the measurements was regardedas the hexadecane contact angle.

<Coefficient of Kinetic Friction>

Triboster TS501 (product name; manufactured by Kyowa Interface ScienceCo., Ltd) was used for measurement. BEMCOT (Registered Trademark) M-3II(product name; manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corp.) was attached to asurface contact probe with pieces of double sided tape and themeasurement was performed at any 12 portions under the followingconditions: a measurement load of 50 g/cm², a measurement speed of 1.7mm/s, and a measurement distance of 20 mm. An average value of themeasurements was regarded as the coefficient of kinetic friction.

<Martens Hardness>

The Martens hardness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer wasmeasured with PICODENTOR HM500 (product name; manufactured by FischerInstruments). The measurement was performed with a diamond cone as aneedle under the following conditions: load of 1 mN/20 s; and a faceangle of 136°.

<Anti-Fogging Property>

After left to stand for 2 hours under an environment of normaltemperature, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate was exposed to ahigh temperature and high humidity environment of 35° C. and 85% RH for15 minutes. Then, a surface of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate was visually observed during exposure to the high temperatureand high humidity environment and was evaluated for the anti-foggingproperty based on evaluation criteria below.

[Evaluation Criteria]

A: Until 15 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less.

B: Until 10 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less.

C: Until 5 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less.

D: In 5 minutes, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminatethat exhibits fogging is more than 30%.

<Anti-Fogging Property After Warming>

A container was filled half-full with water. The filled water was heatedwith a heater, a temperature thereof was maintained at 55° C., and anair temperature of the upper space in the container was maintained at35° C. Then, an anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate (sample) wasinstalled in the container so as not to be in contact with water (hotwater) (FIG. 7A). Then, hot water of about 40° C. was applied to theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate (sample) (FIG. 7B). Then, it was returned to the condition ofFIG. 7A. After 30 minutes, a state of cloudiness was visually observed.Evaluation was performed based on evaluation criteria below.

[Evaluation Criteria]

A: There was no change in appearance on the surface of the anti-foggingand anti-fouling layer at all.

B: On some parts of the surface of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer, a change in appearance such as white cloudiness or formation of awater film was observed.

D: On the whole part of the surface of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer, a change in appearance such as white cloudiness or formation of awater film was observed.

<Fouling Property>

The surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer was made dirtywith Sharpie PROFESSIONAL (black permanent marker, product name,manufactured by Newell Rubbermaid). After the surface was wiped with asheet of tissue paper (ELLEAIR, manufactured by Daio Paper Corporation)10 times so that a circle was drawn, the surface was visually observed.Then, the evaluation was performed based on the following evaluationcriteria.

[Evaluation Criteria]

B: The surface favorably repelled the permanent marker, and staindisappeared by wiping it 2 to 5 times.

C: The surface weakly repelled the permanent marker, and staindisappeared by wiping it 6 to 10 times.

D: The surface did not repel the permanent marker, and stain remainedeven after the surface was wiped 10 times.

<Scratch Resistance>

A melamine sponge (product name: GEKIOCHI KUN) wetted with tap water wasplaced on the surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer, andwas reciprocated and slid 10,000 times at a load of 300 gf/cm²(reciprocating stroke: 3 cm; and reciprocating and sliding speed: 6cm/s). Then, the scratch resistance was evaluated based on evaluationcriteria below.

[Evaluation Criteria]

B: There was no change in appearance such as a scratch or whitecloudiness.

D: There was a change in appearance such as a scratch or whitecloudiness.

<Chemical Resistance>

A compress with acetone was applied thereon for 10 minutes and chemicalresistance was evaluated based on evaluation criteria below.

[Evaluation Criteria]

B: There was no change in appearance.

D: There was a change in appearance such as melting or white cloudiness.

<Coat Close Adhesiveness>

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate was subjected to eachenvironment described below and each anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate was subjected to a cross-cut close adhesive test according toITIS K5600-5-6 (cross-cut test). Then, coat close adhesiveness wasevaluated based on evaluation criteria below.

[Exposure Conditions]

1: The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate was exposed to vaporgenerated from hot water of 80° C. for 5 minutes.

2: The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate was immersed in 0.5%aqueous sodium hydroxide solution for 1 hour.

[Evaluation Criteria]

B: Peeling was not found under both conditions.

D: Peeling was found under one or more conditions.

<Pencil Hardness>

Pencil hardness was measured according to JIS K 5600-5-4.

Example 1 <Formation of Primer Layer>

On a substrate made of glass (float plate glass, average thickness 5 mm,manufactured by Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd.), the following resincomposition for forming a primer layer was coated so that an averagethickness thereof after drying and curing was 1 μm. After the coating,the resultant was dried in an oven of 80° C. for 2 minutes. Ultravioletrays were emitted with a high pressure mercury lamp at a radiation doseof 500 mJ/cm² in the air atmosphere to obtain a primer layer.

-Resin Composition for Forming Primer Layer-

UT5181 (manufactured by The Nippon 65.0 parts by mass Synthetic ChemicalIndustry Co., Ltd., urethane acrylate) EBECRYL 40 (manufactured by 35.0parts by mass DAICEL-ALLNEX LTD.) IRGACURE 184 (manufactured by BASF) 3.0 parts by mass Solvent PGME (propylene glycol  900 parts by massmonomethylether)

<Formation of Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Layer>

On the primer layer, the active energy ray curable resin compositiondescribed in Table 2-1 was coated so that an average thickness thereofafter drying and curing was 26 μm. After the coating, the resultant wasdried in an oven of 80° C. for 2 minutes. Ultraviolet rays were emittedwith a metal halide lamp at a radiation dose of 500 mJ/cm² undernitrogen atmosphere (oxygen concentration of less than 0.1% by volume)to cure an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer. As a result, ananti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate was obtained.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate obtained was evaluated asdescribed above. Results were presented in Table 2-1.

Examples 2 and 3

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except thatthe average thickness of the primer layer in Example 1 was changed toeach average thickness described in Table 2-1.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-1.

Comparative Example 1

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except thatthe average thickness of the primer layer and. the average thickness ofthe anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer in Example 1 were changed toeach average thickness described in Table 2-1.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-1.

Comparative Example 2, Examples 4 and 5, and Comparative Examples 3 and4

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe content of the hydrophilic monomer and the content of thecrosslinking agent in the active energy ray curable resin compositionfor forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer were changed to eachcontent described in Tables 2-2-1 and 2-2-2.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented described in Tables 2-2-1 and 2-2-2.

Comparative Example 5

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe compound of the crosslinking agent in the active energy ray curableresin composition for forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer waschanged to a crosslinking agent described in Table 2-2-2.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-2-2.

Examples 6 to 8 and Comparative Example 6

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe average thickness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer waschanged to each average thickness thereof described in Table 2-3.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-3.

Examples 9 to 16

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe photopolymerization initiator in the active energy ray curable resincomposition for forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer waschanged to each photopolymerization initiator described in Tables 2-4-1and 2-4-2 and the average thickness of the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer was changed to 30 μm.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Tables 2-4-1 and 2-4-2.

Comparative Example 7

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except thatthe atmosphere upon curing the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer inExample 9 was changed to the air atmosphere.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-5.

Comparative Example 8

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition for forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer waschanged to 0 parts by mass and the average thickness of the anti-foggingand anti-fouling layer was changed to 35 μm.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-6-1.

Example 17

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition for forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer waschanged to a content described in Table 2-6-1 and the average thicknessof the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer was changed to an averagethickness described in Table 2-6-1.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-6-1.

Examples 18 to 21

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition for forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer waschanged to each content described in Tables 2-6-1 and 2-6-2.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Tables 2-6-1 and 2-6-2.

Examples 22 to 25, and Comparative Example 9

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe contents of the hydrophilic monomer, the crosslinking agent, and thehydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curable resin compositionfor forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer were changed tocontents described in Table 2-7.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-7.

Examples 26 to 28, and Comparative Example 10

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe compound and the content of the hydrophilic monomer and the contentof the crosslinking agent in the active energy ray curable resincomposition for forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer werechanged as described in Tables 2-8-1 and 2-8-2.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Tables 2-8-1 and 2-8-2.

Example 29

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe crosslinking agent in the active energy ray curable resincomposition for forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer waschanged to a crosslinking agent described in Table 2-8-2.

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-8-2.

Example 30

A laminate was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except thatthe substrate was changed to a PET substrate (A4300, average thickness75 μm, manufactured by TOYOBO CO., LTD.).

The laminate obtained was evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.Results were presented in Table 2-8-2.

TABLE 2-1 Comp. Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 1 Substrate Glass Glass GlassGlass Active energy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 67.9 67.9 67.9 67.9 curableresin monomer ATM-35E composition A-GLY-20E A-600 A-1000 CrosslinkingEBECRYL40 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.1000.100 0.100 0.100 monomer DAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9 2.92.9 2.9 initiator 184 IRGACURE 127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754 IRGACURE TPO Total of contents of 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 non-volatile matter (parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphere Nitrogen Nitrogen NitrogenNitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer Average film thicknessPrimer layer  1 μm  2 μm  5 μm 0.5 μm Anti-fogging 26 μm 26 μm 26 μm 30μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B B Contact angle Pure water110° 110° 110° 110° Hexadecane  67°  67°  67°  67° Coefficient ofkinetic friction 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 Martens hardness (N/mm2) 24 24 2424 Anti-fogging property A A A A Anti-fogging property after warming A AA A Fouling property A A A A Scratch resistance B B B B Chemicalresistance B B B B Coat close adhesiveness B B B D Pencil hardness 3H 3H3H 3H

TABLE 2-2-1 Comp. Ex. 2 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Substrate Glass Glass Glass ActiveHydrophilic SR9035 94.1 77.6 58.2 energy monomer ATM-35E ray A-GLY-20Ecurable A-600 resin A-1000 compo- Crosslinking EBECRYL40 2.9 19.4 38.8sition agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.100 0.100 0.100 monomerDAC-HP Photopoly- IRGACURE 2.9 2.9 2.9 merization 184 initiator IRGACURE127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754IRGACURE TPO Total of contents of 100.0 100.0 100.0 non-volatile matter(parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphereNitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerAverage film thickness Primer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm Anti- 26 μm 26 μm26 μm fogging and anti- fouling layer Appearance B B B Contact anglePure water 110° 110° 110° Hexadecane  67°  67°  67° Coefficient ofkinetic friction 0.37 0.37 0.37 Martens hardness(N/mm2) 16 21 26Anti-fogging property A A B Anti-fogging property A A A after warmingFouling property A A A Scratch resistance D B B Chemical resistance D BB Coat close adhesiveness B B B Pencil hardness 2H 3H 3H

TABLE 2-2-2 Comp. Comp. Comp. Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 5 Substrate Glass GlassGlass Active energy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 48.5 0.0 67.9 curable resinmonomer ATM-35E composition A-GLY-20E A-600 A-1000 CrosslinkingEBECRYL40 48.5 97.0 agent PU610 A-DCP 29.1 Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.1000.100 0.100 monomer DAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9 2.9 2.9initiator 184 IRGACURE 127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2959IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754 IRGACURE TPO Total of contents of 100.0 100.0100.0 non-volatile matter (parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0 100.0 100.0UV curing atmosphere Nitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen of anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer Average film thickness Primer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μmAnti-fogging 26 μm 26 μm 26 μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B BContact angle Pure water 110°   110°   110°   Hexadecane 67°  67°  67° Coefficient of kinetic friction 0.37 0.37 0.37 Martens hardness (N/mm2)29 43 44 Anti-fogging property D D D Anti-fogging property after warming— D D Fouling property B B B Scratch resistance B B B Chemicalresistance B B B Coat close adhesiveness B B B Pencil hardness 3H 3H H

TABLE 2-3 Comp. Ex. 6 Ex. 7 Ex. 8 Ex. 6 Substrate Glass Glass GlassGlass Active energy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 67.9 67.9 67.9 67.9 curableresin monomer ATM-35E composition A-GLY-20E A-600 A-1000 CrosslinkingEBECRYL40 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.1000.100 0.100 0.100 monomer DAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9 2.92.9 2.9 initiator 184 IRGACURE 127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754 IRGACURE TPO Total of contents 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 of non-volatile matter (parts by mass) Solvent PGME100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphere Nitrogen Nitrogen NitrogenNitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer Average film thicknessPrimer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm 2 μm Anti-fogging and 50 μm 20 μm 10 μm 5μm anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B B Contact angle Pure water 110°110° 110° 110° Hexadecane  67°  67°  67°  67° Coefficient of kineticfriction 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.35 Martens hardness (N/mm2) 24 24 24 24Anti-fogging property A B C D Anti-fogging property after warming A A AFouling property A A A A Scratch resistance B B B B Chemical resistanceB B B B Coat close adhesiveness B B B B Pencil hardness 3H 3H 3H 3H

TABLE 2-4-1 Ex. 9 Ex. 10 Ex. 11 Ex. 12 Substrate Glass Glass Glass GlassActive energy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 67.9 67.9 67.9 67.9 curable resinmonomer ATM-35E composition A-GLY-20E A-600 A-1000 CrosslinkingEBECRYL40 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.1000.100 0100 0.100 monomer DAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9initiator 184 IRGACURE 2.9 127 IRGACURE 2.9 651 IRGACURE 2.9 1173IRGACURE 2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754 IRGACURE TPO Total of contents100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 of non-volatile matter (parts by mass) SolventPGME 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphere Nitrogen NitrogenNitrogen Nitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer Average filmthickness Primer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm Anti-fogging 30 μm 30 μm30 μm 30 μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B B Contact angle Purewater 110° 110° 110° 110° Hexadecane  67°  67°  67°  67° Coefficient ofkinetic friction 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 Martens hardness (N/mm2) 24 24 2424 Anti-fogging property A A A A Anti-foggffig property after warming AA A A Fouling property A A A A Scratch resistance B B B B Chemicalresistance B B B B Coat close adhesiveness B B B B Pencil hardness 3H 3H3H 3H

TABLE 2-4-2 Ex. 13 Ex. 14 Ex. 15 Ex. 16 Substrate Glass Glass GlassGlass Active energy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 67.9 67.9 67.9 67.9 curableresin monomer ATM-35E composition A-GLY-20E A-600 A-1000 CrosslinkingEBECRYL40 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.1 agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.1000.100 0.100 0.100 monomer DAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE initiator184 IRGACURE 127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2.9 2959 IRGACURE2.9 MBF IRGACURE 2.9 754 IRGACURE 2.9 TPO Total of contents 100.0 100.0100.0 100.0 of non-volatile matter (parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphere Nitrogen Nitrogen NitrogenNitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer Average film thicknessPrimer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm Anti-fogging 30 μm 30 μm 30 μm 30μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B B Contact angle Pure water110° 110° 110° 110° Hexadecane  67°  67°  67°  67° Coefficient ofkinetic friction 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 Martens hardness (N/mm2) 24 24 2424 Anti-fogging property A A A A Anti-fogging property after warming A AA A Fouling property A B B B Scratch resistance B B B B Chemicalresistance B B B B Coat close adhesiveness B B B B Pencil hardness 3H 3H3H 3H

TABLE 2-5 Comp. Ex. 7 Substrate Glass Active energy ray HydrophilicSR9035 67.9 curable resin monomer ATM-35E composition A-GLY-20E A-600A-1000 Crosslinking EBECRYL40 29.1 agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOLDAC-HP 0.100 monomer Photopoly- IRGACURE 184 2.9 merization IRGACURE 127initiator IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE754 IRGACURE TPO Total of contents 100.0 of non-volatile matter (partsby mass) Solvent PGME 100.0 UV curing atmosphere Air of anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer Average film thickness Primer layer  2 μmAnti-fogging and 30 μm anti-fouling layer Appearance B Contact anglePure water 78°  Hexadecane — Coefficient of kinetic friction 0.50Martens hardness (N/mm2) 24 Anti-fogging property A Anti-foggingproperty after warrning A Fouling property D Scratch resistance DChemical resistance — Coat close adhesiveness B Pencil hardness —

TABLE 2-6-1 Comp. Ex. 8 Ex. 17 Ex. 18 Substrate Glass Glass Glass Activeenergy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 67.9 67.9 67.9 curable resin monomerATM-35E composition A-GLY-20E A-600 A-1000 Crosslinking EBECRYL40 29.129.1 29.1 agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.005 0.010 monomerDAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9 2.9 2.9 initiator 184 IRGACURE127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754IRGACURE TPO Total of contents 99.9 99.9 99.9 of non-volatile matter(parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphereNitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerAverage film thickness Primer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm Anti-fogging 35 μm35 μm 26 μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B Contact angle Purewater — 110°   110°   Hexadecane — 67°  67°  Coefficient of kineticfriction — 0.39 0.37 Martens hardness (N/mm2) 24 24 24 Anti-foggingproperty A A A Anti-fogging property after warming A A A Foulingproperty D B B Scratch resistance D B B Chemical resistance — B B Coatclose adhesiveness B B B Pencil hardness — 3H 3H

TABLE 2-6-2 Ex. 19 Ex. 20 Ex. 21 Substrate Glass Glass Glass Activeenergy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 67.9 67.9 67.9 curable resin monomerATM-35E composition A-GLY-20E A-600 A-1000 Crosslinking EBECRYL40 29.129.1 29.1 agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.050 0.100 0.500 monomerDAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9 2.9 2.9 initiator 184 IRGACURE127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754IRGACURE TPO Total of contents 100.0 100.0 100.4 of non-volatile matter(parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphereNitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerAverage film thickness Primer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm Anti-fogging 26 μm26 μm 26 μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B Contact angle Purewater 110°   110°   110°   Hexadecane 67°  67°  67°  Coefficient ofkinetic friction 0.37 0.37 0.37 Martens hardness (N/mm2) 24 24 24Anti-fogging property A A A Anti-fogging property after warming A A AFouling property B B B Scratch resistance B B B Chemical resistance 13 BB Coat close adhesiveness B B B Pencil hardness 3H 3H 3H

TABLE 2-7 Ex. 22 Ex. 23 Ex. 24 Ex. 25 Comp. Ex. 9 Substrate Glass GlassGlass Glass Glass Active Hydrophilic SR9035 67.3 67.3 67.3 67.3 60.3energy ray monomer ATM-35E curable A-GLY-20E resin A-600 compositionA-1000 Crosslinking EBECRYL40 28.8 28.8 28.8 28.8 25.8 agent PU610 A-DCPHydrophobic OPTOOL 1.000 2.050 3.100 4.700 11.000 monomer DAC-HPPhotopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 initiator 184 IRGACURE127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754IRGACURE TPO Total of contents 100.0 101.1 102.1 103.7 100.0 ofnon-volatile matter (parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0100.0 UV curing atmosphere Nitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogenof anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer Average film thickness Primerlayer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm Anti-fogging 26 μm 26 μm 26 μm 26 μm26 μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B B D Contact angle Purewater 110° 110° 110° 110° 110° Hexadecane  67°  67°  67°  67°  67°Coefficient of kinetic friction 0.36 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.37 Martenshardness (N/mm2) 24 24 24 24 24 Anti-fogging property A A A A —Anti-fogging property after warming A A A A — Fouling property B B B B BScratch resistance B B B B B Chemical resistance B B B B B Coat closeadhesiveness B B B B — Pencil hardness 3H 3H 3H 3H 3H

TABLE 2-8-1 Ex. 26 Ex. 27 Ex. 28 Substrate Glass Glass Glass Activeenergy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 curable resin monomer ATM-35E 67.9composition A-GLY-20E 67.9 A-600 58.2 A-1000 Crosslinking EBECRYL40 29.129.1 38.8 agent PU610 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.100 0.100 0.100 monomerDAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9 2.9 2.9 initiator 184 IRGACURE127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754IRGACURE TPO Total of contents of non-volatile matter 100.0 100.0 100.0(parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphereNitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerAverage film thickness Primer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm Anti-fogging 26 μm26 μm 26 μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B Contact angle Purewater 110° 110° 110° Hexadecane 67° 67° 67° Coefficient of kineticfriction 0.37 0.37 0.37 Martens hardness (N/mm2) 19 22 25 Anti-foggingproperty A A A Anti-fogging property after warming A A A Foulingproperty B B B Scratch resistance B B B Chemical resistance B B B Coatclose adhesiveness B B B Pencil hardness 3H 3H 2H

TABLE 2-8-2 Comp. Ex. 10 Ex. 29 Ex. 30 Substrate Glass Glass PET Activeenergy ray Hydrophilic SR9035 67.9 67.9 curable resin monomer ATM-35Ecomposition A-GLY-20E A-600 A-1000 58.2 Crosslinking EBECRYL40 38.8 29.1agent PU610 29.1 A-DCP Hydrophobic OPTOOL 0.100 0.100 0.100 monomerDAC-HP Photopolymerization IRGACURE 2.9 2.9 2.9 initiator 184 IRGACURE127 IRGACURE 651 IRGACURE 1173 IRGACURE 2959 IRGACURE MBF IRGACURE 754IRGACURE TPO Total of contents 100.0 100.0 100.0 of non-volatile matter(parts by mass) Solvent PGME 100.0 100.0 100.0 UV curing atmosphereNitrogen Nitrogen Nitrogen of anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerAverage film thickness Primer layer  2 μm  2 μm  2 μm Anti-fogging 26 μm26 μm 26 μm and anti-fouling layer Appearance B B B Contact angle Purewater 110°   110°   110°   Hexadecane 67°  67°  67°  Coefficient ofkinetic friction 0.37 0.37 0.37 Martens hardness (N/mm2) 8 50 24Anti-fogging property A B A Anti-fogging property after warming A B AFouling property B B B Scratch resistance D B B Chemical resistance D BB Coat close adhesiveness B B B Pencil hardness H 5H B

In Table 2-1 to Tables 2-8-2, a unit of a content of each component inthe active energy ray curable resin composition is part(s) by mass.

Details of the materials described in Table 2-1 to Tables 2-8-2 are asfollows.

In a part presenting “-” in Comparative Examples, the evaluation was notperformed because a result of another evaluation was insufficient.

<Hydrophilic Monomer>

-   SR9035: Ethoxylated (15) trimethylolpropane triacrylate,    manufactured by SARTOMER-   ATM-35E: Ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, manufactured by    Shin Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.-   A-GLY-20E: Ethoxylated glycerin triacrylate, manufactured by Shin    Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.-   A-600: Polyethylene glycol diacrylate, manufactured by Shin Nakamura    Chemical Co., Ltd.

<<Others>>

-   A-1000: Polyethylene glycol diacrylate, manufactured by Shin    Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.

<Crosslinking Agent>

-   EBECRYL40: Pentaerythritol alkoxy tetraacrylate, manufactured by    DAICEL-ALLNEX LTD.-   PU610: Aliphatic urethane acrylate (the number of acrylic groups: 6,    molecular weight: 1800), manufactured by Miwon

<<Others>>

-   A-DCP: Tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate, manufactured by Shin    Nakamura Chemical Co., Ltd.

<Hydrophobic Monomer>

-   OPTOOL DAC-HP: Terminal (meth)acrylic-modified perfluoropolyether    additive, manufactured by DAIKIN INDUSTRIES, LTD

<Photopolymerization Initiator>

-   IRGACURE 184: 1-Hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl-ketone, manufactured by    BASF-   IRGACURE 127:    2-Hydroxy-1-{4-[4-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propionyl)-benzil]phenyl}-2-methyl-propan-1-one,    manufactured by BASF-   IRGACURE 651: 2,2-Dimethoxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one, manufactured by    BASF-   IRGACURE 1173: 2-Hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-propan-1-one,    manufactured by BASF-   IRGACURE 2959:    1-[4-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-phenyl]-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propan-1-one,    manufactured by BASF-   IRGACURE MBF: Phenyl glyoxylic acid methyl ester, manufactured by    BASF-   IRGACURE 754: Blend of oxy-phenyl-acetic acid    2-[2-oxo-2-phenyl-acetoxy-ethoxy]-ethyl ester and oxy-phenyl-acetic    acid 2-[2-hydroxy-ethoxy]-ethyl ester, manufactured by BASF-   IRGACURE TPO: 2,4,6-Trimethylbenzoyl-diphenyl-phosphine oxide,    manufactured by BASF

<Solvent>

PGME: Propylene glycol monomethylether

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminates of Examples 1 to 30 have thefollowing characteristics. Therefore, the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminates were excellent in the fouling property and the durability, andwere not deteriorated in the appearance and were excellent in theanti-fogging property even under higher temperature and higher humidityconditions.

<Characteristics of Anti-Fogging and Anti-Fouling Laminate>

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate has the followingcharacteristics.

An average thickness of the primer layer is more than 0.5 μm.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has a coefficient of kineticfriction of 0.40 or less.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has an average thickness of 10μm or more.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has Martens hardness of 10 N/mm²or more.

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is a cured product of an activeenergy ray curable resin composition.

The active energy ray curable resin composition includes a hydrophilicmonomer having an alkylene oxide equivalent of less than 100 and anacrylic equivalent of 200 to 500, a non-alicyclic crosslinking agenthaving an alkylene oxide equivalent of 100 or more and an acrylicequivalent of less than 400, and a hydrophobic monomer including atleast one selected from the group consisting of fluorine and silicon.

A content of the crosslinking agent in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 5% by mass to 40% by mass relative to non-volatilematter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.

A content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass relative to thenon-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.

Meanwhile, the laminate of Comparative Example 1 had the primer layerhaving a thin average thickness of 0.5 μm, and was insufficient in thecoat close adhesiveness.

The laminate of Comparative Example 2 had a small amount of thecrosslinking agent in the active energy ray curable resin compositionfor forming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer, and was insufficientin the scratch resistance and the chemical resistance.

The laminates of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 were insufficient in theanti-fogging property because the content of the crosslinking agent inthe active energy ray curable resin composition for forming ananti-fogging and anti-fouling layer was excessive.

The laminate of Comparative Example 5 was insufficient in theanti-fogging property because the crosslinking agent in the activeenergy ray curable resin composition for forming an anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer had an alicyclic structure.

The laminate of Comparative Example 6 was insufficient in theanti-fogging property because the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerhad a thin thickness of 5 μm.

The laminate of Comparative Example 7 was insufficient in the foulingproperty and the scratch resistance, because the coefficient of kineticfriction became high as a result of UV irradiation under the airatmosphere when the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer was laminated.

The laminate of Comparative Example 8 was insufficient in the foulingproperty because the active energy ray curable resin composition forforming an anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer did not include thehydrophobic monomer.

The laminate of Comparative Example 9 was insufficient in the appearancebecause the content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy raycurable resin composition for forming an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer was excessive.

The laminate of Comparative Example 10 was insufficient in the scratchresistance and the hardness because the hydrophilic monomer of theactive energy ray curable resin composition for forming an anti-foggingand anti-fouling layer had a large acrylic equivalent. In addition, ithad a lower pencil hardness compared to the laminates of Example 5 andExample 28 that included a glass substrate and were only different inthe hydrophilic monomer.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate of the present invention canbe used in, for example, glass windows, refrigerating/freezing showcases, window materials such as windows of automobiles, mirrors of wetareas such as bathrooms and washrooms, mirrors of side mirrors ofautomobiles, floors and walls of bathrooms, surfaces of solar cellpanels, and crime prevention monitoring cameras. In addition, theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate of the present invention iseasily molded and processed. Therefore, it can be used, by using in-moldmolding and insert molding, in glasses, goggles, helmets, lens,microlens arrays, head light covers, front panels, side panels, and rearpanels of automobiles.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

-   11 substrate made of a resin-   12 primer layer-   13 anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer

1. An anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate comprising: a substrate; aprimer layer on the substrate; and an anti-fogging and anti-foulinglayer on the primer layer, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerhaving a flat surface, wherein an average thickness of the primer layeris more than 0.5 μm, the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has Martenshardness of 10 N/mm² or more, a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.40or less, and an average thickness of 10 μm or more, the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer is a cured product of an active energy ray curableresin composition, the active energy ray curable resin compositionincludes a hydrophilic monomer having an alkylene oxide equivalent ofless than 100 and an acrylic equivalent of 200 to 500, a non-alicycliccrosslinking agent having an alkylene oxide equivalent of 100 or moreand an acrylic equivalent of less than 400, and a hydrophobic monomerincluding at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorineand silicon, a content of the crosslinking agent in the active energyray curable resin composition is 5% by mass to 40% by mass relative tonon-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin composition,and a content of the hydrophobic monomer in the active energy raycurable resin composition is 0.001% by mass to 10% by mass relative tothe non-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resincomposition.
 2. The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according toclaim 1, wherein a surface of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layerhas a pure water contact angle of 80° or more and a hexadecane contactangle of 35° or more.
 3. The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminateaccording to claim 1, wherein when the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate is evaluated for an anti-fogging property through an evaluationmethod below, a result of the anti-fogging property is A: <EvaluationMethod of Anti-Fogging Property> after left to stand for 2 hours underan environment of normal temperature, the anti-fogging and anti-foulinglaminate is exposed to a high temperature and high humidity environmentof 35° C. and 85% RH for 15 minutes; and a surface of the anti-foggingand anti-fouling laminate is visually observed during exposure to thehigh temperature and high humidity environment and is evaluated for theanti-fogging property based on evaluation criteria below: [EvaluationCriteria] A: until 15 minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate that exhibits fogging is 30% or less; B: until 10minutes after, an area of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminatethat exhibits fogging is 30% or less; C: until 5 minutes after, an areaof the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate that exhibits fogging is30% or less; and D: in 5 minutes, an area of the anti-fogging andanti-fouling laminate that exhibits fogging is more than 30%.
 4. Theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to claim 1, wherein acontent of the hydrophilic monomer in the active energy ray curableresin composition is 55% by mass to 90% by mass relative to thenon-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.5. The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to claim 1,wherein the substrate is a substrate made of glass.
 6. The anti-foggingand anti-fouling laminate according to claim 1, wherein an averagethickness of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer is 10 μm to 100 μm.7. The anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to claim 1,wherein an average thickness of the primer layer is 1 μm to 10 μm.
 8. Aproduct comprising: the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate accordingto claim 1 on a surface of the product.
 9. A method for producing ananti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate, the method comprising:irradiating an uncured layer formed of the active energy ray curableresin composition on the primer layer with ultraviolet rays under anatmosphere having an oxygen concentration of less than 0.1% by volume toform the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer, wherein the anti-foggingand anti-fouling laminate is the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminateaccording to claim
 1. 10. An anti-fogging method comprising: warming theanti-fogging and anti-fouling laminate according to claim 1 to atemperature equal to or higher than normal temperature to improve ananti-fogging property of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer.
 11. Ananti-fogging method comprising: cleaning the anti-fogging andanti-fouling layer of the anti-fogging and anti-fouling laminateaccording to claim 1 to maintain an anti-fogging property of theanti-fogging and anti-fouling layer.
 12. An active energy ray curableresin composition comprising: a hydrophilic monomer; a hydrophobicmonomer; a non-alicyclic crosslinking agent; and a photopolymerizationinitiator, wherein the hydrophilic monomer has an alkylene oxideequivalent of less than 100 and an acrylic equivalent of 200 to 500, thehydrophobic monomer includes at least one selected from the groupconsisting of fluorine and silicon, the crosslinking agent has analkylene oxide equivalent of 100 or more and an acrylic equivalent ofless than 400, a content of the hydrophobic monomer is 0.001% by mass to10% by mass relative to non-volatile matter of the active energy raycurable resin composition, and a content of the crosslinking agent is 5%by mass to 40% by mass relative to the non-volatile matter of the activeenergy ray curable resin composition.
 13. The active energy ray curableresin composition according to claim 12, wherein a surface of ananti-fogging and anti-fouling layer having a flat surface, which isobtained by curing the active energy ray curable resin compositionthrough active energy rays, has Martens hardness of 10 N/mm² or more anda coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.40 or less.
 14. The active energyray curable resin composition according to claim 13, wherein the surfaceof the anti-fogging and anti-fouling layer has a pure water contactangle of 80° or more and a hexadecane contact angle of 35° or more. 15.The active energy ray curable resin composition according to claim 12,wherein a content of the hydrophilic monomer in the active energy raycurable resin composition is 55% by mass to 90% by mass relative to thenon-volatile matter of the active energy ray curable resin composition.16. The active energy ray curable resin composition according to claim12, wherein the active energy ray curable resin composition includes asolvent having a boiling point of 80° C. or more.